How India’s Social Stock Exchange is Revolutionising Social Financing

Mumbai
Social Stock Exchange
Illustration by Madhura Bante / Simit Bhagat Studios

It started in small, quiet ways. In a dusty schoolyard in rural Rajasthan, a young girl clutched a new textbook—the first in her family to ever go to school. In a village outside Mysuru, children sat cross-legged on the floor, spelling words aloud with quiet determination. And in a packed training centre in Bengaluru, fresh graduates practised soft skills and shook hands with recruiters, their nervous smiles betraying a cautious hope.

What made these moments possible wasn’t just goodwill—it was finance. But not the kind we usually think of. This time, the money came from a bold new idea: India’s Social Stock Exchange (SSE).

As of December 2024, more than 120 non-profits had registered across the NSE and BSE Social Stock Exchange platforms. Among them, 10 organisations raised a total of ₹22 crore, using an innovative tool called the Zero Coupon Zero Principal (ZCZP) instrument. These aren’t loans. They’re regulated donations—investors contribute funds with no expectation of repayment, but with the trust that they’re fuelling genuine social impact.

So, how does this model work in real life? More importantly, how are some non-profits using it not just to raise funds but to scale their work, deepen their credibility, and prove their impact?

How the SSE Is Opening New Avenues for Funding and Accountability

1. Earn trust through radical transparency

Raising money today is not just about telling a good story. It’s about backing that story with data—impact reports, governance practices, financial disclosures, and clear goals for where every rupee will be spent.

That’s exactly how Swami Vivekananda Youth Movement (SVYM) built confidence. What began as a tiny health initiative in 1984 is now a large-scale development organisation. When they listed on the SSE, they raised ₹48.06 crore—not by being the flashiest, but by being crystal clear about their work. Their Viveka Tribal Centre for Learning in Mysuru is providing quality education to tribal children, and the SSE funding is helping them take that work further.

SVYM’s story shows that when you’re willing to share openly—what’s working, what’s not—you earn not just donors, but long-term believers.

2. Let your impact do the talking

Many funders today want more than good intentions. They want results. What changed because of the work? Who benefited, and how?

Educate Girls understood that. As the first NGO focused on girls’ education to get listed on the SSE, they came in prepared. With over 1.8 million girls enrolled in school and 2.2 million students supported through remedial learning, their numbers speak volumes. They raised ₹1.30 crore and are using it to drive enrollment and retention in the country’s most educationally backward districts.

Their approach wasn’t just emotionally compelling—it was also backed by consistent, measurable outcomes. And that’s what set them apart.

3. Pick the funding tool that fits your vision

The SSE offers several fundraising options. For non-profits, the ZCZP instrument has proven especially effective. There’s no financial return involved, but the social return is clear. However, knowing how to position your ask—and for what purpose—is what makes the difference.

Transforming Rural India Foundation (TRIF) showed how this can work. With an annual income of ₹71.30 crore, they raised ₹2 crore through the SSE. The funds were used to support youth micro-businesses, skill development, and building ecosystems for rural entrepreneurs. What helped was how clearly TRIF mapped the journey from donation to outcome—from money in, to lives changed.

Their clarity wasn’t just in reports, but in how they framed their purpose: helping rural youth stand on their own feet.

4. You don’t have to be big—you just have to be focused

A lot of smaller organisations assume the SSE listing is only for the well-established. That’s not the case. In fact, the SSE is designed to help early-stage and mid-sized NGOs grow.

SGBS Unnati Foundation is proof. It was among the first non-profits in India to get listed on the Social Stock Exchange, setting a precedent for transparent, impact-driven fundraising through innovative instruments like ZCZP bonds. With a total income of just under ₹12 crore, they raised ₹2 crore via the SSE. Those funds now support their UNXT Programme, which is training 10,000 graduates for entry-level jobs across sectors.

What worked for Unnati wasn’t scale—it was focus. They knew exactly who they were helping, how they were doing it, and what results they could deliver.

It helps if your mission connects with broader agendas—national policies, global goals, government schemes. It gives your story greater relevance, and funders often feel more confident supporting something that fits into a bigger picture.

The Ekalavya Foundation understood this well. Despite having an annual income of just ₹0.57 crore, they raised ₹1.10 crore through the SSE. The funds are now being used to train 100 tribal families in Telangana. As the second NPO to be listed on the SSE, Ekalavya showed how strategic alignment, with goals like decent work and sustainable livelihoods, can unlock funding, no matter your size.

6. Use the Social Stock Exchange listing to amplify your voice

The SSE isn’t just a fundraising platform. It’s a credibility platform. Being listed signals that an organisation is compliant, transparent, and serious about impact. This visibility opens doors to new donors, new partners, even new team members.

Mukti, one of the first five NPOs to be listed on the NSE SSE, used this visibility to scale their work in the Sundarbans. With an annual income of nearly ₹6 crore, they raised ₹1.70 crore through SSE for their Swavlamban Accelerator, which empowers women and marginalised groups with livelihood training. Mukti’s listing has not only boosted its reach but also its credibility with donors, partners, and the communities it serves.

A new chapter for non-profit finance

This isn’t just about raising more money. It’s about changing how money flows in the social sector. It’s about giving donors the tools to give more confidently, and giving non-profits the platforms to grow with integrity.

The examples—Educate Girls, SVYM, TRIF, Unnati, Ekalavya Foundation, and Mukti—show us that this isn’t just theory. It’s already working. These organisations—among more than 120 that registered with the SSE—have embraced transparency, built clear outcomes, chosen the right instruments, and tied their work to national priorities.

If you’re a non-profit, this moment is yours to shape. The SSE won’t solve every funding problem overnight, but it offers a clear, structured way forward. It rewards clarity, values impact. It also levels the field for organisations that may have the will, but not yet the wallet, to scale.

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Sr. Creative Partner

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Founder, Simit Bhagat has worked in the fields of filmmaking, project management, and journalism for over 15 years. He has served in a variety of positions for organisations like the Times of India, the Maharashtra Forest Department, the Tata Trusts, and the Thomson Reuters Foundation. From the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom, he earned a Master of Arts in Science, Society, and Development.